Nephrectomy

Nephrectomy is a surgical procedure to remove all or part of a kidney, typically performed to address conditions like kidney cancer, severe kidney infections (pyelonephritis), kidney stones that can’t be managed through other means, or irreversible kidney damage due to trauma or congenital issues.

Types of Nephrectomy Procedures

1.Simple Nephrectomy
Involves the removal of the affected kidney while preserving overall kidney function. This can be performed through:

• Open Surgery: A large incision is made in the abdomen or flank to access and remove the kidney.
• Laparoscopic Surgery: Small incisions are made in the abdomen, allowing the insertion of a laparoscope (camera) and specialized instruments. This approach results in shorter recovery times and less postoperative pain.
• Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: Robotic arms assist the surgeon for greater precision and control during the procedure.

2.Radical Nephrectomy
This involves the complete removal of the entire kidney along with the surrounding adrenal gland, adjacent tissues, lymph nodes, and possibly part of the ureter. It is usually indicated for kidney cancer or when cancer has spread beyond the kidney. This can be performed via:

• Open Surgery: More extensive tissue removal than in simple nephrectomy.
• Laparoscopic Surgery: Utilizes minimally invasive techniques similar to those in simple nephrectomy.
• Robot-assisted Laparoscopic Surgery: Enhances surgical precision using robotic technology.